aquifer

noun

aqui·​fer ˈa-kwə-fər How to pronounce aquifer (audio)
ˈä-
: a water-bearing stratum of permeable rock, sand, or gravel
aquiferous adjective

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Aquifer and Agriculture

The vast but relatively shallow Ogallala Aquifer lies beneath the Great Plains, under portions of eight states. Its thickness ranges from a few feet to more than a thousand feet. The Ogallala yields about 30 percent of the nation's groundwater used for irrigation in agriculture, and provides drinking water for most of the people within the area. But for many years more water has been extracted from the Ogallala than has been returned, and the situation today is of great concern.

Examples of aquifer in a Sentence

Recent Examples on the Web
Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Those issues are particularly critical in West Texas, where declining aquifers, little rainfall and abundant hydraulic fracking, which is water intensive, threaten the water supply. Sarah Bahari, Dallas Morning News, 5 Jan. 2026 Others worry that wells and aquifers could run dry. Marc Levy, Los Angeles Times, 3 Jan. 2026 Think beyond sustainable to restorative: water systems that replenish aquifers while serving communities, energy projects that heal landscapes while powering neighborhoods, or health innovations that strengthen both individual and collective immunity. Jason Phillips, USA Today, 10 Dec. 2025 Lion Oil and Great Lakes Chemical, a nearby chemical plant, worked together to reuse 2 million gallons of wastewater each day instead of using aquifer water, an effort that earned the two companies the 2002 Corporate Conservationists of the Year Award from the Arkansas Wildlife Federation. Arkansas Online, 6 Dec. 2025 See All Example Sentences for aquifer

Word History

Etymology

borrowed from French aquifère "water-bearing," from aqui- (from Latin aqua "water" + -i- -i-) + -fère "bearing" — more at aqua, -fer

Note: The term was introduced into English by the geologist William Harmon Norton (1856-1944) in "Artesian Wells of Iowa," Iowa Geological Survey, vol. 6, Report on Lead, Zinc, Artesian Wells, etc. (Des Moines, 1897), p. 130: "The sand represents the permeable water-bearing layer, the aquifer, to revive a term of Arago's, and its outcrop between the basin rims the area of supply." "Arago" is the French physicist François Arago (1786-1853), whose essay "Sur les puits forés, connus sous le nom de puits artésiens, des fontaines artésiennes, ou de fontaines jaillissants" (Bureau des Longitudes, Annuaire pour l'an 1835 [Paris, 1834], pp. 181-258), is cited earlier in Norton's paper. As noted by Alfred Clebsch ("Analysis and Critique of 'Aquifers, Ground-Water Bodies, and Hydrophers' by C. V. Theis," Selected Contributions to Ground-Water Hydrology by C. V. Theis, and a Review of His Life and Work [U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2415] [Denver, 1994], pp. 39-43), Norton is not strictly speaking "reviving" anything used by Arago, who only uses aquifère as an adjective in the collocations nappe aquifère and couche aquifère (both meaning approximately "water-bearing layer"). Note that in an English translation of Arago's article ("On Springs, Artesian Wells, and Spouting Fountains," Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, vol. 18, no. 36 [April, 1835]) there is no direct equivalent of aquifère, as couches aquifères is rendered by "water bearing beds" and nappe aquifère as simply "water."

First Known Use

1897, in the meaning defined above

Time Traveler
The first known use of aquifer was in 1897

Cite this Entry

“Aquifer.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/aquifer. Accessed 7 Jan. 2026.

Kids Definition

aquifer

noun
aqui·​fer ˈak-wə-fər How to pronounce aquifer (audio)
ˈäk-
: a water-bearing layer of rock, sand, or gravel capable of absorbing water
aquiferous adjective

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