fluctuate

verb

fluc·​tu·​ate ˈflək-chə-ˌwāt How to pronounce fluctuate (audio)
-chü-ˌāt
fluctuated; fluctuating
Synonyms of fluctuatenext

intransitive verb

1
: to shift back and forth uncertainly
Oil prices fluctuated.
Temperatures fluctuated.
2
: to rise and fall in or as if in waves
The boat fluctuated on the rough sea.

transitive verb

: to cause to fluctuate
Choose the Right Synonym for fluctuate

swing, sway, oscillate, vibrate, fluctuate, waver, undulate mean to move from one direction to its opposite.

swing implies a movement of something attached at one end or one side.

the door suddenly swung open

sway implies a slow swinging or teetering movement.

trees swaying in the breeze

oscillate stresses a usually regular alternation of direction.

an oscillating fan

vibrate suggests the rapid oscillation of an elastic body under stress or impact.

the vibrating strings of a piano

fluctuate suggests constant irregular changes of level, intensity, or value.

fluctuating interest rates

waver stresses irregular motion suggestive of reeling or tottering.

the exhausted runner wavered before collapsing

undulate suggests a gentle wavelike motion.

an undulating sea of grass

Examples of fluctuate in a Sentence

His popularity has fluctuated during his term in office. In the desert, the temperature fluctuates dramatically.
Recent Examples on the Web
Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Schreacke’s role remained consistent with perimeter shooting and floor spacing, but her effectiveness fluctuated. Aaron Segal, Kansas City Star, 4 Apr. 2026 Those tariff policies fluctuated wildly over the following months as Trump made deals and walked back some of the most extreme duties. Laya Neelakandan, CNBC, 3 Apr. 2026 And relying on personal vehicles means budgeting for expenses such as gas (often fluctuating), insurance, and general maintenance. Sacbee.com, 3 Apr. 2026 And while some rentals in the area do offer on-site care at fluctuating market rates, as a Continuing Care Retirement Community(CCRC), the cost of care at Vi at Aventura is built into residents’ monthly fees, providing greater financial predictability and long-term value. Vi At Aventura, Miami Herald, 3 Apr. 2026 See All Example Sentences for fluctuate

Word History

Etymology

Latin fluctuatus, past participle of fluctuare, from fluctus flow, wave, from fluere — more at fluid

First Known Use

1604, in the meaning defined at intransitive sense 2

Time Traveler
The first known use of fluctuate was in 1604

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Cite this Entry

“Fluctuate.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fluctuate. Accessed 5 Apr. 2026.

Kids Definition

fluctuate

verb
fluc·​tu·​ate ˈflək-chə-ˌwāt How to pronounce fluctuate (audio)
fluctuated; fluctuating
1
: to move up and down or back and forth like a wave
2
: to be constantly changing especially up and down
fluctuation noun

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