antibiotic

1 of 2

noun

an·​ti·​bi·​ot·​ic
ˌan-tē-bī-ˈä-tik,
-ˌtī- How to pronounce antibiotic (audio) -bē-ˈä- How to pronounce antibiotic (audio)
: a substance able to inhibit or kill microorganisms
specifically : an antibacterial substance (such as penicillin, cephalosporin, and ciprofloxacin) that is used to treat or prevent infections by killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria in or on the body, that is administered orally, topically, or by injection, and that is isolated from cultures of certain microorganisms (such as fungi) or is of semi-synthetic or synthetic origin
Symptoms of campylobacteriosis include muscle aches, fever, cramps and diarrhea leading to gastrointestinal illness, which can be treated with antibiotics. Chicago Daily Herald
Another way to produce new variants of established antibiotics is to use genetic engineering to alter the biochemical pathways of the microbes that produce them. New Scientist
Experts agree that by spiking animal feed with antibiotics, conventional farmers are speeding the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. Geoffrey Cowley

Note: While antibiotics are effective mainly against bacteria, they are sometimes used to treat protozoal infections. Some consider antibiotics to include only those derived fully or partly from microorganisms and exclude synthetic forms from this class of drugs.

antibiotic

2 of 2

adjective

1
: tending to prevent, inhibit, or destroy life
2
: of or relating to antibiotics or to antibiosis
antibiotic drugs
antibiotically
ˌan-tē-bī-ˈä-ti-k(ə-)lē
ˌan-ˌtī- How to pronounce antibiotic (audio)
-bē-ˈä-
adverb

Examples of antibiotic in a Sentence

Recent Examples on the Web
Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Noun
Ordinarily, when antibiotics are administered orally, much of the still-active medication is simply passed in our urine without ever being taken up by the body. Ben Coxworth, New Atlas, 13 June 2025 Your doctor can try to determine what kind of bacteria is causing the issue, then offer treatment such as antibiotics to help. Korin Miller, SELF, 11 June 2025
Adjective
If the infection is mild and the person does not have a fever, the provider will normally prescribe an oral antibiotic medication. Patty Weasler, Verywell Health, 11 June 2025 That’s the gist of the growing threat posed by antibiotic resistance, which has contributed to millions of deaths since 1990 and is anticipated to contribute to millions more by 2050. Sam Walters, Discover Magazine, 4 June 2025 See All Example Sentences for antibiotic

Word History

Etymology

Noun

derivative of antibiotic entry 2

Note: Noun use of the adjective antibiotic probably began in the early 1940's, preceded by the frequent collocation antibiotic substance, but was not common before Selman waksman's paper "What Is an Antibiotic or an Antibiotic Substance?" (Mycologia, vol. 39, no. 5 [September-October, 1947]). Waksman has been credited with coining antibiotic, though he does not claim to have done so, and in fact gives an account of the earlier history of the word in this article.

Adjective

borrowed from French antibiotique, derivative of antibiose antibiosis (after symbiose symbiosis : symbiotique symbiotic)

Note: See note at antibiosis.

First Known Use

Noun

1943, in the meaning defined above

Adjective

1891, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Time Traveler
The first known use of antibiotic was in 1891

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Cite this Entry

“Antibiotic.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/antibiotic. Accessed 19 Jun. 2025.

Kids Definition

antibiotic

noun
an·​ti·​bi·​ot·​ic
ˌant-i-bī-ˈät-ik,
ˌan-ˌtī-,
ˌant-i-bē-
: a substance produced by an organism (as a fungus or bacterium) that in dilute solution inhibits or kills a harmful microscopic plant or animal and especially one that causes disease
antibiotic adjective

Medical Definition

antibiotic

1 of 2 adjective
an·​ti·​bi·​ot·​ic -bī-ˈät-ik; -bē- How to pronounce antibiotic (audio)
1
: tending to prevent, inhibit, or destroy life
2
: of or relating to antibiotics or to antibiosis
antibiotically adverb

antibiotic

2 of 2 noun
: a substance able to inhibit or kill microorganisms
specifically an antibacterial substance (as penicillin, cephalosporin, and ciprofloxacin) that is used to treat or prevent infections by killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria in or on the body, that is administered orally, topically, or by injection, and that is isolated from cultures of certain microorganisms (as fungi) or is of semi-synthetic or synthetic origin

Note: While antibiotics are effective mainly against bacteria, they are sometimes used to treat protozoal infections. Some consider antibiotics to include only those derived fully or partly from microorganisms and exclude synthetic forms from this class of drugs.

Last Updated: - Updated example sentences
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