1
as in national
a person who owes allegiance to a government and is protected by it conscientious citizens who regard voting as a duty as well as a right

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2

Synonym Chooser

How is the word citizen distinct from other similar nouns?

The words national and subject are common synonyms of citizen. While all three words mean "a person owing allegiance to and entitled to the protection of a sovereign state," citizen is preferred for one owing allegiance to a state in which sovereign power is retained by the people and sharing in the political rights of those people.

the rights of a free citizen

Where would national be a reasonable alternative to citizen?

Although the words national and citizen have much in common, national designates one who may claim the protection of a state and applies especially to one living or traveling outside that state.

American nationals working in the Middle East

When could subject be used to replace citizen?

The meanings of subject and citizen largely overlap; however, subject implies allegiance to a personal sovereign such as a monarch.

the king's subjects

Example Sentences

Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Recent Examples of citizen The Trump administration is reportedly finalizing a travel ban that would prohibit citizens from certain countries from entering the U.S. The ban would fall under an executive order signed by the president on Jan. 20, citing national security and public safety threats. Kathleen Wong, USA TODAY, 7 Mar. 2025 The French Revolution may have inaugurated inclusive citizenship by turning subjects into citizens. Foreign Affairs, 25 Feb. 2025 Court records indicate 10 defendants are Mexican citizens who were in the United States illegally, while another is a Mexican citizen in asylum proceedings. Matt Robison, Newsweek, 25 Feb. 2025 Since 2010, Wisconsin voters have repeatedly answered that question in favor of the citizens. The Editors, National Review, 25 Feb. 2025 See All Example Sentences for citizen
Recent Examples of Synonyms for citizen
Noun
  • His Justice Department has moved to suspend its case against New York Mayor Eric Adams, whom prosecutors had accused of soliciting bribes from Turkish nationals (allegations Adams denies).
    Allison Morrow, CNN, 28 Feb. 2025
  • All eight crew members were Chinese nationals, suggesting the vessel was operating under a flag of convenience to obscure Chinese involvement in their activities.
    Ross Rosenfeld, Newsweek, 26 Feb. 2025
Noun
  • As the Germans waged a savage war against Soviet partisans, the partisans, in turn, established their own reign of terror over collaborators and seized scarce food supplies from local villagers.
    Foreign Affairs, Foreign Affairs, 25 Feb. 2025
  • Less successful because so very predictable is a scene where Valeska — in what can only be a fantasy —puts on a song by the Lebanese singer Hassan Abdul Nabi and Munir dances in front of the villagers.
    Jay D. Weissberg, Deadline, 19 Feb. 2025
Noun
  • At the request of residents, ombudsmen work with residents, family members, administrators and other to resolve complaints of residents.
    Joe Rassel, Orlando Sentinel, 5 Mar. 2025
  • That could affect California residents trying to buy a house, complete a remodel or finish building construction.
    Hannah Poukish, Sacramento Bee, 5 Mar. 2025
Noun
  • The area’s inhabitants evolved to reflect a mixed ancestry of African, Indian Ocean Islander and Indigenous heritage.
    Martie Bowser, Forbes, 2 Mar. 2025
  • The state with the highest rate was New Mexico, which in 2019 registered more than 3,200 animals surrendered per 100,000 inhabitants.
    Mark Joseph, Newsweek, 22 Feb. 2025

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Cite this Entry

“Citizen.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/citizen. Accessed 12 Mar. 2025.

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