1
as in national
a person who owes allegiance to a government and is protected by it conscientious citizens who regard voting as a duty as well as a right

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How is the word citizen distinct from other similar nouns?

The words national and subject are common synonyms of citizen. While all three words mean "a person owing allegiance to and entitled to the protection of a sovereign state," citizen is preferred for one owing allegiance to a state in which sovereign power is retained by the people and sharing in the political rights of those people.

the rights of a free citizen

Where would national be a reasonable alternative to citizen?

Although the words national and citizen have much in common, national designates one who may claim the protection of a state and applies especially to one living or traveling outside that state.

American nationals working in the Middle East

When could subject be used to replace citizen?

The meanings of subject and citizen largely overlap; however, subject implies allegiance to a personal sovereign such as a monarch.

the king's subjects

Example Sentences

Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Recent Examples of citizen Thus unleashed, my childhood self would go mad with unchecked power, petulantly turning dials just to see what happened to the citizens in my virtual ant farm. Kyle Orland, ArsTechnica, 17 Sep. 2025 Social media companies have turned our differences into entertainment, our disagreements into blood sport, and our fellow citizens into enemies. Margie Warrell, Forbes.com, 17 Sep. 2025 Two Belarusian citizens were detained. Tara Suter, The Hill, 16 Sep. 2025 Several embassies have warned citizens against traveling to the mining site area due to the ongoing health risks. Preeti Jha, semafor.com, 5 Sep. 2025 See All Example Sentences for citizen
Recent Examples of Synonyms for citizen
Noun
  • But in total, 475 people, mostly Korean nationals, were arrested, suspected of living and working in the US illegally.
    Zoe Sottile, CNN Money, 14 Sep. 2025
  • The horns, smuggled from Angola, were seized, and the Vietnamese national involved was arrested.
    Real-Time News team, Miami Herald, 12 Sep. 2025
Noun
  • The werewolves lie, but villagers also sometimes lie—to try to catch someone else in a lie.
    Julie Beck, The Atlantic, 17 Sep. 2025
  • In The Three Amigos, a trio of American actors who have played heroic gunslingers in a series of popular silent films, are accidentally hired by the villagers of Santa Poco to protect them from the villainous bandit leader, El Guapo, who kidnaps a beautiful villager to be his unwilling bride.
    Erik Kain, Forbes.com, 15 Sep. 2025
Noun
  • At least 900 tourists were stranded near the Inca citadel on Tuesday after the train service PeruRail was suspended on Monday because the route was blocked amid protests between local residents and authorities, Reuters reported.
    Jasmine Laws, MSNBC Newsweek, 17 Sep. 2025
  • And city residents will pay $5 a day to park in lots a farther out.
    David Garrick, San Diego Union-Tribune, 16 Sep. 2025
Noun
  • And sticking close to home may pay untold dividends for inhabitants’ mental health, Gorman said.
    Jackie Wattles, CNN Money, 12 Sep. 2025
  • Set in a downtown Mexico City backstreet whose inhabitants’ lives are closely interwoven, the film is split into four clear parts.
    Anna Marie de la Fuente, Variety, 12 Sep. 2025

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Cite this Entry

“Citizen.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/citizen. Accessed 20 Sep. 2025.

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