sham 1 of 3

Definition of shamnext
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sham

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noun

sham

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verb

Synonym Chooser

How is the word sham different from other nouns like it?

Some common synonyms of sham are counterfeit, fake, fraud, humbug, and imposture. While all these words mean "a thing made to seem other than it is," sham applies to fraudulent imitation of a real thing or action.

condemned the election as a sham

Where would counterfeit be a reasonable alternative to sham?

In some situations, the words counterfeit and sham are roughly equivalent. However, counterfeit applies especially to the close imitation of something valuable.

20-dollar bills that were counterfeits

When could fake be used to replace sham?

The meanings of fake and sham largely overlap; however, fake implies an imitation of or substitution for the genuine but does not necessarily imply dishonesty.

these jewels are fakes; the real ones are in the vault

In what contexts can fraud take the place of sham?

While the synonyms fraud and sham are close in meaning, fraud usually implies a deliberate perversion of the truth.

the diary was exposed as a fraud

When is it sensible to use humbug instead of sham?

Although the words humbug and sham have much in common, humbug suggests elaborate pretense usually so flagrant as to be transparent.

creating publicity by foisting humbugs on a gullible public

When might imposture be a better fit than sham?

The words imposture and sham can be used in similar contexts, but imposture applies to any situation in which a spurious object or performance is passed off as genuine.

their claim of environmental concern is an imposture

Example Sentences

Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Recent Examples of sham
Adjective
The pursuit of youth involved a lot of sham science. Joshua Rothman, New Yorker, 12 June 2026 Authorities investigated the theft of several off-highway vehicles in Dorchester and Dedham and arrested two males who participated in the sham business. Colleen Cronin, Boston Herald, 26 May 2026
Noun
The quilt also comes with two matching 20-x-36-inch pillow shams. Stephanie Osmanski, Better Homes & Gardens, 26 June 2026 The set comes with two matching shams, and all three pieces feature a textured pattern that adds dimension to your bedding. Toni Sutton, PEOPLE, 26 June 2026 See All Example Sentences for sham
Recent Examples of Synonyms for sham
Adjective
  • Inside, a memory foam insole with arch support cushions every step, and the soft faux leather molds to your ideal fit over time.
    Nicol Natale, PEOPLE, 30 June 2026
  • The white interior and faux leather are also available in Overland and reviewed Limited trims.
    James Raia, Mercury News, 28 June 2026
Adjective
  • Investigators also caught the brothers with at least 15 counterfeit and unauthorized bank cards, prosecutors said.
    Joe Marusak July 2, Charlotte Observer, 2 July 2026
  • The case focused on Muk Choi Lau, a Chinese citizen and green-card holder, who was charged with selling nearly $300,000 in counterfeit shorts before returning from a 2012 trip.
    Bart Jansen, USA Today, 1 July 2026
Adjective
  • On Thursday, Gary Police Department personnel visited campers to teach about crime scene investigation and create a mock crime scene for students to solve.
    Maya Wilkins, Chicago Tribune, 27 June 2026
  • An 11-year-old Dexter Sol Ansell is peering into his Zoom camera, hands pressed to his cheeks and mouth wide open in mock shock.
    Lily Ford, HollywoodReporter, 26 June 2026
Noun
  • Scary Movie paved the way for more big-screen parodies, including Date Movie (2006), Epic Movie (2007), and Meet the Spartans (2008).
    Skyler Trepel, Entertainment Weekly, 27 June 2026
  • Their outmoded style, with its seriousness and corniness, its big acting choices and low budgets, is basically impossible to recreate without falling into parody.
    Alison Willmore, Vulture, 19 June 2026
Noun
  • There is some speculation that the coup was a hoax, however, as Roy Bates was later represented in court by one of Sealand’s Dutch occupiers.
    Encyclopedia Britannica, Encyclopedia Britannica, 30 June 2026
  • Another of WKNA‘s articles even uses a screenshot that was first posted to r/poisonai that shows Google’s AI Overview correctly asserting that reports of Vance’s death are a hoax.
    Frank Landymore, Futurism, 25 June 2026
Noun
  • Kidan pleaded guilty in 2005 to fraud and conspiracy related to the purchase of a fleet of gambling boats, and in 2006 he was sentenced to nearly six years in prison.
    Michelle L. Price, Los Angeles Times, 4 July 2026
  • Google also said the devices were used for ad fraud and other digital crimes.
    Kurt Knutsson, FOXNews.com, 3 July 2026
Verb
  • Barcenas' tea-sipping celebration was a tribute to Alex Morgan, one of the Wave's owners, who pretended to take a sip of tea after scoring in a match against England during the 2019 Women's World Cup.
    ABC News, ABC News, 4 July 2026
  • Well, Ariana seems to remember, whereas Hudson is determined to just undo the breakup and pretend like none of it ever happened.
    Tom Smyth, Vulture, 2 July 2026
Adjective
  • First was a Drug Enforcement Administration badge and ID with Horsch’s photo on it, but the ID was fake, and Horsch has never worked for the DEA, according to court documents.
    Danny Freeman, CNN Money, 1 July 2026
  • This game preserves the difficulty of coming up with an elaborate, consistent false narrative on the spot, and the challenge of adapting that narrative on the fly when other players present convincing (and sometimes fake) counter-evidence.
    Tasha Robinson, Vulture, 30 June 2026

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Cite this Entry

“Sham.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/sham. Accessed 6 Jul. 2026.

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